The excellent biocompatibility of nanosilicon wires provides a pathway for single cell dynamic and real-time monitoring in biological research.

Different detection methods such as electricity and optics have also promoted the mechanism research of nanosilicon wire biosensors.
In the detection of biochemical substances, the sensitivity, specificity, and stability of sensors are important indicators to measure their performance.
The chemical properties of nano silicon wires are stable, providing a good platform for the preparation of sensors.
In different application scenarios, sensors have high requirements for the surface modification of nano silicon wires.
To this end, researchers have proposed different sensing mechanisms.
In the electrical signal sensing method, nano-silicon wire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FET) achieve ultra sensitive detection of target substances by measuring the conductivity changes caused by surface charge changes of nano-silicon wires.
Fluorescent molecule recognition is widely used in optical signal sensing methods.
When the target substance binds to the receptor, it transmits signals through various methods such as fluorescence enhancement, quenching, and wavelength shift, resulting in faster response and more convenient detection methods.
Researchers have proposed prospects for the mechanisms and application fields of nanosilicon wire field-effect transistor biosensors and nanosilicon wire fluorescence sensors.