Different sizes of gold nanoparticles have different light absorption ranges. The well-dispersed first wine is red. As time changes, it will settle, aggregate, absorb and reflect blue shift, and the color will be different.

One of the main applications of gold nanoparticles is chemical and biological sensing. They have been used as effective sensors for detecting different analytes, such as metal ions, anions, sugars, nucleotides, proteins, and toxins. According to the sensing strategy, gold nanoparticle sensors have diverse principles and different types of nanobiosensors utilize different characteristics of gold nanoparticles.

1] The basic principle of the colorimetric sensor is based on the visible color change caused by the aggregation of gold nanoparticles, and the fluorescence sensor uses the fluorescence quenching characteristics of the gold nanoparticles.

2] Electrical and electrochemical sensors utilize the electrical conductivity, high surface area and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles.

3] Surface plasmon resonance sensors based on gold nanoparticles utilize the optical properties of gold nanoparticles.

4] The bio-barcode measurement based on gold nanoparticles uses the strong binding affinity of gold nanoparticles and mercaptans and the visible color change caused by the aggregation of gold nanoparticles to achieve the purpose of detection.

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