1, XRF (X Ray Fluorescence X-ray fluorescence)
Use this method for surface chemical analysis, but you must purchase standard samples and draw standard curves. The measured sample must meet a number of conditions, such as a smooth surface and uniform composition. If the composition is not uniform, it can only be stated that the composition of the micro-area measured by XRF is the same, and the others cannot be expressed.
That is, if you want the sample to be accurate, you must have the corresponding standard. The copper alloy corresponds to the copper alloy, the aluminum alloy corresponds to the aluminum alloy, the PVC to the PVC, the ABS to the ABS, and the materials must be relatively accurate. If it does not correspond, the measured results can only be used for reference judgment. The specific result is based on ICP or atomic absorption.
Samples of XRF require pretreatment. For example, smashing, or melting, is to measure the ingredients evenly.
Disadvantage
a) It is difficult to make an absolute analysis, so quantitative analysis requires a standard sample.
b) The sensitivity to light elements is lower.
c) It is susceptible to mutual elemental interference and superimposed peaks.
2. EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer)
It is an element of measurement and no compound can be detected. It is also a surface, it is impossible to measure the whole material, and point analysis, regional analysis, etc. are just elements of a specific area. If you want to measure the overall content, refer to the XRF sample. In addition, EDS quantification is not allowed to see samples. If the samples meet the XRF test standards, the EDS measurement is also very accurate, but the EDS is on the SEM, all in order to see the original shape, so the sample can not do too much pre-processing, EDS becomes semi-quantitative Only.
3, ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma)
ICP can be used to measure the elemental content of the PPM grade in solution. It is also the elemental content. This is a chemical analysis method. If the operation is correct, the curve configuration is quite accurate.
However, if your sample is solid, it needs to be pretreated to make a solution. If it is metal, it needs to be dissolved with various acids. If it is non-metal, it needs to be dissolved by various methods, such as microwave digestion, high temperature dissolution and so on.
ICP-MS can be used to make ppb levels, while XRF is on the order of ppm.
If the pre-treatment is done well, the elemental content measured by ICP is the overall content! Not the content of the surface. In terms of effect, XRF and EDS are surface element analysis, and ICP is the whole.

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