Nano zinc oxide is a fine inorganic material with a particle size between 1nm and 100nm. Zinc oxide usually exists in the form of wurtzite, with four oxygen atoms surrounding the zinc ion, forming a thermodynamically stable tetrahedral structure. Due to the changes in the crystal structure and surface electronic structure of nano-zinc oxide, nano-zinc oxide has the characteristics of surface effect, volume effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, and has different mechanics, optics and magnetism from ordinary zinc oxide. The characteristics of chemical, thermal, catalytic performance and biological activity.

First. Application of nano-zinc oxide in textile antibacterial

Nano-zinc oxide has good antibacterial properties and is environmentally friendly. It can be applied to fabrics to obtain good antibacterial properties. At present, the methods of using nano-zinc oxide to prepare antibacterial textiles generally include raw silk improvement method and post-finishing method.

1. The original silk improvement method

The raw silk improvement method refers to mixing the antibacterial agent containing nano-zinc oxide with the fiber raw material during the spinning process, and then spinning to obtain the antibacterial fiber. Skin-core antibacterial PET fibers containing nano-zinc oxide antibacterial agents are prepared by composite spinning, and the antibacterial PET fibers have excellent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial rate of sea silk fibers containing different concentrations of nano-zinc oxide against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied. The antibacterial properties of nano-zinc oxide alginate fibers against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were studied. The results showed that the prepared nano-zinc oxide alginate fibers could kill 2×10 in solution within 24h. cfu/mL Escherichia coli and 4×10cfu/mL Staphylococcus aureus, and with the increase of zinc content on alginate fiber, their antibacterial ability improved. It can be prepared into a medical functional dressing with the functions of reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing, and will have high application value in clinical medicine. Carbon nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning, nano-zinc oxide was prepared by sol-gel method, and nano-zinc oxide-loaded carbon nanofibers were prepared by dip coating. The experimental results showed that different sol concentrations showed good antibacterial properties. With the increase of nano-zinc oxide sol concentration, the antibacterial effect was improved to a certain extent.

2 After finishing

The post-finishing method refers to the preparation of nano-zinc oxide dispersion or gel first, and then the post-finishing of the fabric. Nano zinc oxide is often used in the finishing of pure cotton fabrics. The nano-zinc oxide finishing agent was prepared by the sol-gel method, and the cotton fabric was finished by the padding method. The antibacterial rate of the finished fabric reached 99.97%; There is little change in strength, breaking strength and air permeability. Li Qun used self-made nano-zinc oxide to finish cotton bleached fabrics. The antibacterial test results were compared with ordinary zinc oxide-finished fabrics. It was found that the antibacterial properties of nano-zinc oxide-finished fabrics were stronger, and the smaller the particle size of nano-zinc oxide, the better the antibacterial properties. the better. The tear strength, whiteness, and wrinkle recovery angle of the nano-functional fabric thus prepared were improved, and the hand feeling was also improved. The nano-ZnO/chitosan mixture was prepared by ultrasonic deposition and uniformly coated on the surface of cotton fabric. Antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of ZnO/chitosan mixed-coated fabric against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was higher than that of single Coated fabrics, 48% and 17%, retain antibacterial properties after multiple washes. The surface biocompatibility of ZnO/chitosan-coated fabrics was improved by 87% compared with single-coated ZnO fabrics.
In addition to pure cotton fabrics, nano-zinc oxide also has certain applications in the antibacterial finishing of silk fabrics and bamboo pulp fabrics. Some scholars used self-made nano-zinc oxide sol with an average particle size of 14.42nm to finish tussah silk fabrics, and tested the antibacterial properties of the finished fabrics. The antibacterial rate was over 90%, and it had good washing resistance. The experimenters used nano-ZnO dispersion liquid with an average particle size of 53.16nm to finish the mulberry silk, and the silk fabrics after finishing were 94.1% and 90.9% of the bacteriostatic rate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. ZhangG et al. finished the bamboo pulp fabric by dipping method through the colloidal solution of zinc oxide nanoparticles. The finished fabric showed 99.91% reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and 99.97% bacteriostatic rate of Escherichia coli. After 20 consecutive washings Still maintains a 98.93% antibacterial rate.

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