Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is abundant in reserves and inexpensive, and is expected to be used as a semi-solid electrode for long-life energy storage technologies such as flow batteries. However, the pumping requirements of semi-solid electrodes are more stringent compared to electrolytes of full flow batteries, which may limit their technical and economic viability.

Recently, MIT Yang Shao-Horn, Thaneer Malai Narayanan reported the widely studied MnO2 as a model low-cost active material to understand how the composition of semi-solid electrodes affects its impact on semi-solid flow batteries (SSFBs). cost contribution.

Article Essentials
1) The researchers firstly determined the effects of changing the semi-solid electrode composition on the electrochemical performance of Zn-MnO2 batteries and the rheological properties of pasty semi-solid electrodes through electrochemical and rheological experiments.

2) Second, we use the experimentally determined electrochemical and rheological properties of semi-solid electrodes to perform a bottom-up techno-economic analysis of the SSFB system. Device and material cost parameters were obtained from published technical and economic literature. This bottom-up approach allows researchers to gain insight into the trade-off between electrochemical performance and rheological properties of semi-solid electrodes and to identify strategies to reduce the cost of SSFBs.

3) The LCOS of the Zn-MnO2 SSFB system is calculated and compared with other electrochemical systems to understand the competitiveness of SSFB in long-term energy storage. The results show that Zn-MnO2 SSFB can compete with Li-ion and VRFB systems, especially for long-term energy storage (e.g., >24 h).

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