MXene exhibits excellent ion electron dual conductivity mechanism and has become a promising candidate material for biological interface electrodes. However, the exposed Ti atoms on the MXene layer are prone to oxidation in air, leading to severe degradation and hindering its application in the field of bioelectronic materials.
On February 16, 2025, the journal Advanced Functional Materials reported that researchers have prepared a novel MXene film (rGM) protected by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), which has high charge transfer ability and can remain stable in air. The protective layer rGO effectively shields the conductive layer MXene from air oxidation, thereby significantly improving air stability. After 40 days of air exposure (25 ° C, 40% relative humidity), the increase in membrane resistance of rGM film (135.9 ± 2.3 Ω/square-312.6 ± 4.5 Ω/square) compared to pure MXene film (145.0 ± 2.3 Ω/square-2152.8 ± 6.8 Ω/square) is almost negligible.

The MXene film is protected by rGO synthesized by in-situ reduction of L-ascorbic acid, and the two are bonded together by forming Ti-O-C bonds, effectively preventing air oxidation. A built-in electric field (BIEF) is formed at the heterojunction interface, causing changes in the surface electronic structure and generating high-density electron flow, promoting charge transfer and ion diffusion. Therefore, it effectively reduces the impedance at the electrode/biological tissue interface, promotes the application of rGM as a biological interface thin film electrode, and enables high-precision acquisition of neural signals.

In addition, the rGM film (approximately 60nm) can tightly adhere to the skin surface, and its ultra-thin properties make it highly wearable. Combining ultra-thin and air stability characteristics, rGM film can accurately detect normal and ventricular fibrillation electrocardiogram signals before and after stimulation, making it very suitable for application as an advanced automatic external defibrillator (AED) electrode for emergency cardiac arrest treatment. Continuous, reliable, and effective quality assurance is crucial for emergency treatment.

This new type of rGO MXene composite film not only demonstrates the potential of MXene in bioelectronic materials, but also provides new ideas and solutions for the research and development of future wearable medical devices, emergency medical devices, and biosensors.

Literature name: An Air‐Stable MXene Bio‐Interfacing Thin Film Electrode

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