The clearance kinetics of functional inorganic nanoparticles are generally slow, which may pose potential biosafety issues for in vivo applications. One possible elimination pathway for inorganic nanoparticles is renal clearance, but the effectiveness of renal clearance largely depends on the surface physicochemical properties of the given particles, rather than their size and shape.
On May 13, 2024, the Journal of Nanobiotechnology reported that researchers had designed and successfully utilized three small molecule ligands with bisphosphonate groups but different end groups (i.e. anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic groups) to encapsulate ultra small Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and studied the renal clearance behavior of surface ligand regulated ultra small nanoparticles.
Systematic studies have shown that the ultra small Fe3O4 nanoparticles modified with these surface ligands not only have sufficiently small hydrodynamic dimensions to be cleared by the kidneys, but also exhibit excellent T1/T2 MRI contrast enhancement performance.
Combining bladder MRI and urinary Fe content measured by ICP-OES, researchers found Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with zwitterionic ligands（ Fe3O4@DMSA ）It exhibits excellent renal clearance due to reduced absorption by RES. By utilizing the diphosphate anchoring group of hydrophilic ligands, Fe3O4@DMSA Successfully labeled with 99mTc to achieve efficient renal clearance MRI/SPECT dual-mode imaging nanoprobes.
It is worth noting that this nanoprobe has demonstrated satisfactory imaging capabilities in the 4T1 xenograft tumor mouse model. In addition, researchers also conducted safety assessment experiments to evaluate Fe3O4@DMSA The biocompatibility was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

This study provides a simple and effective strategy for constructing kidney removable nanoparticles that can be used for precise disease diagnosis.

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