Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease characterized by subchondral fractures in its early stages, and there is currently no precise and specific treatment method available.
On June 14, 2024, Advanced Materials reported that researchers synthesized a novel multifunctional scaffold using photopolymerized modified hyaluronic acid (GMHA) as a matrix in the presence of hydroxyapatite based hollow porous magnetic microspheres (HAp-Fe3O4), which is expected to solve this problem.
The results of subchondral bone repair indicate that the carefully designed scaffold has the most suitable properties for subchondral bone repair. The porous structure of the magnetic microspheres inside the scaffold promotes the effective transfer of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loaded, and the Fe3O4 nanoparticles assembled in the microspheres promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate new bone formation.
These characteristics enable the scaffold to exhibit good subchondral bone repair properties and achieve high cartilage repair scores. The treatment results have shown that subchondral bone support significantly affects the process of upper cartilage repair.
In addition, magnetic resonance imaging monitoring shows that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are gradually replaced by new bone during subchondral defect repair, allowing for non-invasive and radiation free evaluation to track the development of new bone during OA repair.

This hydrogel scaffold achieves long-term in vivo tracking of subchondral bone and cartilage through its magnetic imaging effect, which meets the clinical needs. After further research and improvement, it is expected to be used for clinical applications.

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