The major limitations on TEM performance are spherical aberration (also known as aberration), chromatic aberration, and astigmatism. The spherical aberration and chromatic aberration limit the resolution of traditional TEM. Both of these defects are inevitable when using static rotational symmetric electromagnetic fields. Ball aberration is the most important factor determining the performance of ...
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In the fields of material processing and chemical production, coupling agents, crosslinking agents, and dispersants are three commonly used additives with different functions, but they all have a critical impact on material properties. The following provides a detailed explanation from the aspects of definition, main characteristics, typical types, and core differences. Coupling agent Coupling age...
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In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the primary and crucial step in obtaining a high-quality image that can be interpreted reasonably is sample preparation. Inappropriate sample thickness, poor conductivity, or damage introduced during sample preparation can directly lead to abnormal electron beam penetration, image distortion, and even sample scrapping. TEM sample requirements ① T...
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What are nanoparticles? Nanoparticles (NPs) are typically defined as granular materials with at least one dimension at the nanoscale (1-100 nm) in three-dimensional space. From the dimensions of structure and morphology, nanoparticles can be classified into zero dimensional nanomaterials (0D nanomaterials), corresponding to one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. 0D nanopartic...
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Why do nanoparticles aggregate? 1.Surface free energy driven mechanism Nanoparticles have a larger specific surface area and unsaturated surface atoms, leading to an increase in surface free energy. Multi particle contact can reduce the total surface area, release interfacial energy, and thus lower the system's free energy. This trend of energy minimization is the intrinsic thermodynamic driving f...
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1.Characterization of particle size and distribution Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): DLS is one of the most commonly used techniques for measuring the particle size and distribution of nanoparticles in suspensions. It calculates the hydrodynamic diameter of particles by measuring the time-dependent light scattering intensity fluctuations caused by Brownian motion of particles. DLS can also provide...
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